Kamis, 06 Juni 2013

Capital Budgeting

Pengertian Capital Budgeting
Penganggaran Modal (Capital Budgeting) terkait dengan proses pengambilan keputusan investasi jangka panjang, yang memiliki dampak strategis bagi kelangsungan hidup perusahaan.
Macam-macam Keputusan Penganggaran Modal (1)
Ditinjau dari aspek penghematan biaya dan peningkatan pendapatan usulan investasi dikelompokkan sbb:
1.Penggantian (Replecement)
2.Perluasan (Expansion)
3.Pertumbuhan (Growth)
Macam-macam Keputusan Penganggaran Modal (2)
Ditinjau dari tingkat ketergantungan, usulan proyek investasi dikelompokkan sbb:
1.Independent project
2.Mutually exclusive project
3.Complement project
4.Subtitutes project
Metode Penilaian Usulan Investasi
Metode untuk menilai kelayakan dari suatu usulan proyek investasi, diantaranya:
1.Payback Period (PBP)
2.Net Present Value (NPV)
3.Internal Rate of Return (IRR)
Payback Period
Adalah periode waktu yang diperlukan untuk menutup kembali seluruh investasi awal yang dikeluarkan dengan mempergunakan arus kas masuk yang diperoleh dari proyek tersebut
Proyek bersifat mutually exclusive
Net Present Value (NPV)
Adalah metode yang didasarkan pada arus kas yang didiskonto. Implementasi dari metode ini, pertama harus dihitung nilai sekarang dari arus kas masuk bersih yang diharapkan dari suatu proyek investasi, didiskonto dengan biaya modal dan kemudian dikurangi dengan investasi awal
Rumus NPV

               NCF1      NCF2                   NCFn
NPV = { ---------- + ---------- +  ----- +  -----------  } – Io
                  1             2                           n
                 (1+k)       (1+k)                    (1+k) 

1 komentar:

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